How does caffeine affect our bodies?

Written by: Amina Merikhan

It is believed that 3 out of 4 regular consumers of caffeine are actually addicted to it. But coffee and tea have never been considered particularly dangerous. So what exactly does caffeine do to us?

The digestion process.

Caffeine is absorbed within 45 minutes after intake, and it tends to peak in the blood from 15 minutes to 2 hours after that. This depends on other food components in the gut, such as fibres. That is why drinking coffee without eating anything in the morning appears to give us so much energy. Caffeine is mainly broken down in the liver and usually remains in the body from 1.5 to 9.5 hours, depending on factors such as smoking, use of contraceptives or pregnancy.

The immediate effects on your body.

• Caffeine blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter (signalling chemical) adenosine, which makes us sleepy, therefore we feel energetic after consuming it.

• It also boosts the flow of dopamine by antagonising adenosine receptors, and dopamine makes us feel happy. That is why in the study by Harvard School of Public Health, coffee has reduced the risks of suicide and depression for some patients.

• Caffeine in energy drinks, though, may not be so good for you. One can of an energy drink contains on average 160 milligrams of caffeine, which is close to 400 (if you drink more than one can) at which people start experiencing dizziness and headaches. That’s because this much caffeine causes high production of noradrenaline that increases heart rate and blood pressure. In addition, caffeine affects enzymes that stimulate heart contractions, causing irregular heart rhythm.

• Most importantly, caffeine may cause your body to break down medication too fast, so it will not have any effect. This is especially dangerous for people who have chronic diseases and need to control their internal conditions with medication.

Caffeine toxicity.

Consuming 10-14 grams of caffeine in one intake is considered to be fatal. At a bit less than 10 grams though, recovery is possible in the next 6 hours after consumption. Even at 1 gram, you can experience: tremors, vomiting, rapid heartbeat and restlessness.

Conclusion.

Caffeine has many positive effects on our bodies, and sometimes, we just need that little boost of dopamine to get working at our best potential. However, you have to be mindful of possible caffeine toxicity. It is advised not to drink more than 4 cups of coffee or 2 cans of energy drinks.